期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 109, 期 10, 页码 3699-3704出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1109243109
关键词
calcium carbonate biomineralization; echinoderm skeleton; hierarchical structuring; mesocrystal; skeletal elements
资金
- Max Planck Society
- German Research Foundation (DFG) [SPP 1117]
- EPSRC [EP/E037364/2]
- EU [MEST-CT-2004-504465]
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/I001514/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- EPSRC [EP/I001514/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Structuring overmany length scales is a design strategy widely used in Nature to create materials with unique functional properties. We here present a comprehensive analysis of an adult sea urchin spine, and in revealing a complex, hierarchical structure, showhow Nature fabricates a material which diffracts as a single crystal of calcite and yet fractures as a glassy material. Each spine comprises a highly oriented array of Mg-calcite nanocrystals in which amorphous regions and macromolecules are embedded. It is postulated that this mesocrystalline structure forms via the crystallization of a dense array of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) precursor particles. A residual surface layer of ACC and/or macromolecules remains around the nanoparticle units which creates the mesocrystal structure and contributes to the conchoidal fracture behavior. Nature's demonstration of howcrystallization of an amorphous precursor phase can create a crystalline material with remarkable properties therefore provides inspiration for a novel approach to the design and synthesis of synthetic composite materials.
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