期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 109, 期 36, 页码 14399-14404出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210465109
关键词
parasitology; cell biology; kinetoplastida
资金
- Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [SAF2009-07587]
- Junta de Andalucia [CTS-5841]
- Red de Investigacion de Centros de Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET) [RD06/0001/0010]
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute [HHMI-55005525]
- Miguel Servet Fellowship [CP09/00300]
African trypanosomes are protozoan parasites transmitted by a tsetse fly vector to a mammalian host. The life cycle includes highly proliferative forms and quiescent forms, the latter being adapted to host transmission. The signaling pathways controlling the developmental switch between the two forms remain unknown. Trypanosoma brucei contains two target of rapamycin (TOR) kinases, TbTOR1 and TbTOR2, and two TOR complexes, TbTORC1 and TbTORC2. Surprisingly, two additional TOR kinases are encoded in the T. brucei genome. We report that TbTOR4 associates with an Armadillo domain-containing protein (TbArmtor), a major vault protein, and LST8 to form a unique TOR complex, TbTORC4. Depletion of TbTOR4 caused irreversible differentiation of the parasite into the quiescent form. AMP and hydrolysable analogs of cAMP inhibited TbTOR4 expression and induced the stumpy quiescent form. Our results reveal unexpected complexity in TOR signaling and show that TbTORC4 negatively regulates differentiation of the proliferative form into the quiescent form.
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