期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 109, 期 16, 页码 6088-6093出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1118085109
关键词
calcite; synchrotron; larva; echinoderm; echinodermata
资金
- Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-07ER15899, DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE-0613972, DMR-1105167, DMR-0537588]
- University of Wisconsin
- Bowes Research Fellows Award
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Division Of Materials Research
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1105167] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-07ER15899] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
Crystalline biominerals do not resemble faceted crystals. Current explanations for this property involve formation via amorphous phases. Using X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy and photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM), here we examine forming spicules in embryos of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus sea urchins, and observe a sequence of three mineral phases: hydrated amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC center dot H2O) -> dehydrated amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) -> calcite. Unexpectedly, we find ACC center dot H2O-rich nanoparticles that persist after the surrounding mineral has dehydrated and crystallized. Protein matrix components occluded within the mineral must inhibit ACC center dot H2O dehydration. We devised an in vitro, also using XANES-PEEM, assay to identify spicule proteins that may play a role in stabilizing various mineral phases, and found that the most abundant occluded matrix protein in the sea urchin spicules, SM50, stabilizes ACC center dot H2O in vitro.
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