期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 109, 期 47, 页码 19345-19350出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1216128109
关键词
Baltic herring; genetics; population biology
资金
- Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research
- Swedish Research Council
- Formas
- European Research Council [294601]
- Uppsala University and Hospital
- SciLifeLab-Uppsala
- Swedish Research Council [80576801, 70374401]
- sequencing platform at SciLifeLab-Stockholm
- European Research Council (ERC) [294601] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
The Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), one of the most abundant marine fishes in the world, has historically been a critical food source in Northern Europe. It is one of the few marine species that can reproduce throughout the brackish salinity gradient of the Baltic Sea. Previous studies based on few genetic markers have revealed a conspicuous lack of genetic differentiation between geographic regions, consistent with huge population sizes and minute genetic drift. Here, we present a cost-effective genome-wide study in a species that lacks a genome sequence. We first assembled amuscle transcriptome and then aligned genomic reads to the transcripts, creating an exome assembly, capturing both exons and flanking sequences. We then resequenced pools of fish from a wide geographic range, including the Northeast Atlantic, as well as different regions in the Baltic Sea, aligned the reads to the exome assembly, and identified 440,817 SNPs. The great majority of SNPs showed no appreciable differences in allele frequency among populations; however, several thousand SNPs showed striking differences, some approaching fixation for different alleles. The contrast between low genetic differentiation at most loci and striking differences at others implies that the latter category primarily reflects natural selection. A simulation study confirmed that the distribution of the fixation index F-ST deviated significantly from expectation for selectively neutral loci. This study provides insights concerning the population structure of an important marine fish and establishes the Atlantic herring as a model for population genetic studies of adaptation and natural selection.
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