期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 108, 期 51, 页码 20661-20665出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1112605108
关键词
multisensory integration; audio-visual correspondences; comparative cognition; sound symbolism; language evolution
资金
- Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology [16002001, 20002001]
- Global Centers of Excellence [A06, D0]
- Kyoto University Primate Research Institute HOPE
- JSPS
- [22700270]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [22700270] Funding Source: KAKEN
Humans share implicit preferences for certain cross-sensory combinations; for example, they consistently associate higher-pitched sounds with lighter colors, smaller size, and spikier shapes. In the condition of synesthesia, people may experience such cross-modal correspondences to a perceptual degree (e. g., literally seeing sounds). So far, no study has addressed the question whether nonhuman animals share cross-modal correspondences as well. To establish the evolutionary origins of cross-modal mappings, we tested whether chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) also associate higher pitch with higher luminance. Thirty-three humans and six chimpanzees were required to classify black and white squares according to their color while hearing irrelevant background sounds that were either high-pitched or low-pitched. Both species performed better when the background sound was congruent (high-pitched for white, low-pitched for black) than when it was incongruent (low-pitched for white, high-pitched for black). An inherent tendency to pair high pitch with high luminance hence evolved before the human lineage split from that of chimpanzees. Rather than being a culturally learned or a linguistic phenomenon, this mapping constitutes a basic feature of the primate sensory system.
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