期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 107, 期 51, 页码 22020-22025出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1009094108
关键词
disease dynamics; network topology; public health; human interactions
资金
- National Science Foundation [BCS-0947132]
- Branco Weiss fellowship
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [1K01HD051494]
- National Institutes of Health [GM28016]
- Division Of Computer and Network Systems
- Direct For Computer & Info Scie & Enginr [846014] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
The most frequent infectious diseases in humans-and those with the highest potential for rapid pandemic spread-are usually transmitted via droplets during close proximity interactions (CPIs). Despite the importance of this transmission route, very little is known about the dynamic patterns of CPIs. Using wireless sensor network technology, we obtained high-resolution data of CPIs during a typical day at an American high school, permitting the reconstruction of the social network relevant for infectious disease transmission. At 94% coverage, we collected 762,868 CPIs at a maximal distance of 3 m among 788 individuals. The data revealed a high-density network with typical small-world properties and a relatively homogeneous distribution of both interaction time and interaction partners among subjects. Computer simulations of the spread of an influenza-like disease on the weighted contact graph are in good agreement with absentee data during the most recent influenza season. Analysis of targeted immunization strategies suggested that contact network data are required to design strategies that are significantly more effective than random immunization. Immunization strategies based on contact network data were most effective at high vaccination coverage.
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