期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 107, 期 3, 页码 969-974出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0913015107
关键词
collective behavior; ratchet; self-propulsion; sustained rotation
资金
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DEAC02-06CH11357]
- Northwestern University's Nonequilibrium Energy Research Center [DESC0000989]
Whereas the laws of thermodynamics prohibit extraction of useful work from the Brownian motion of particles in equilibrium, these motions can be rectified under nonequilibrium conditions, for example, in the presence of asymmetric geometrical obstacles. Here, we describe a class of systems in which aerobic bacteria Bacillus subtilis moving randomly in a fluid film power submillimeter gears and primitive systems of gears decorated with asymmetric teeth. The directional rotation is observed only in the regime of collective bacterial swimming and the gears' angular velocities depend on and can be controlled by the amount of oxygen available to the bacteria. The ability to harness and control the power of collective motions appears an important requirement for further development of mechanical systems driven by microorganisms.
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