期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 106, 期 49, 页码 20889-20894出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0907075106
关键词
HIV; restriction; innate immunity
资金
- Wellcome Trust [WT081772MA, WT076608]
- European Commission [LSHB-CT-2006-037377]
- Medical Research Council
- HIV Anti-Capsid Assembly and Envelope Incorporation [HEALTH-F3-2008-201095]
- NIHR UCLH/UCL Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre
- Medical Research Council [G9721629, G0801172, MC_U122665002] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [G0801172, G9721629, MC_U122665002] Funding Source: UKRI
Tetherin is an IFN-inducible restriction factor that inhibits HIV-1 particle release in the absence of the HIV-1 countermeasure, viral protein U (Vpu). Although ubiquitous in HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency viruses from chimpanzees, greater spot nosed monkeys, mustached monkeys, and Mona monkeys, other primate lentiviruses do not encode a Vpu protein. Here we demonstrate that SIV from Tantalus monkeys (SIVtan) encodes an envelope glycoprotein (SIVtan Env) able to counteract tetherin from Tantalus monkeys, rhesus monkeys, sooty mangabeys, and humans, but not from pigs. We show that sensitivity to Vpu but not SIVtan Env can be transferred with the human tetherin transmembrane region. We also identify a mutation in the tetherin extracellular domain, which almost completely abolishes sensitivity of human tetherin to SIVtan Env without compromising antiviral activity or sensitivity to Vpu. SIVtan Env expression results in a reduction of surface tetherin, as well as reduction in tetherin co-localization with mature surface-associated virus. Immuno-electron microscopy reveals co-localization of SIVtan Env with tetherin in intracellular tubulo-vesicular structures, suggesting that tetherin is sequestered away from budding virions at the cell surface. Along with HIV-1 Vpu and SIV Nef, envelope glycoprotein is the third and most broadly active lentiviral-encoded tetherin countermeasure to be described. Our observations emphasize the importance of tetherin in protecting mammals against viral infection and suggest that HIV-1 Vpu inhibitors may select active envelope mutants.
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