期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 105, 期 9, 页码 3443-3448出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0712384105
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资金
- NCI NIH HHS [R37 CA043460, CA121113, R01 CA121113, P01 CA016519, CA016519, CA 43460] Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62368, R01 GM062368] Funding Source: Medline
Although the majority of colorectal cancers exhibit chromosome instability (CIN), only a few genes that might cause this phenotype have been identified and no general mechanism underlying their function has emerged. To systematically identify somatic mutations in potential CIN genes in colorectal cancers, we determined the sequence of 102 human homologues of 96 yeast CIN genes known to function in various aspects of chromosome transmission fidelity. We identified 11 somatic mutations distributed among five genes in a panel that included 132 colorectal cancers. Remarkably, all but one of these 11 mutations were in the homologs of yeast genes that regulate sister chromatid cohesion. We then demonstrated that down-regulation of such homologs resulted in chromosomal instability and chromatid cohesion defects in human cells. Finally, we showed that down-regulation or genetic disruption of the two major candidate CIN genes identified in previous studies (MRE11A and CDC4) also resulted in abnormal sister chromatid cohesion in human cells. These results suggest that defective sister chromatid cohesion as a result of somatic mutations may represent a major cause of chromosome instability in human cancers.
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