期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE
卷 100, 期 2, 页码 410-426出版社
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2011.2156750
关键词
Electric grid integration; electrolyzer; hydrogen; renewable energies; steam electrolysis; water electrolysis
资金
- Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [DPI2010-21671-C02-01, ENE2009-14522-C05-03]
This paper reviews water electrolysis technologies for hydrogen production and also surveys the state of the art of water electrolysis integration with renewable energies. First, attention is paid to the thermodynamic and electrochemical processes to better understand how electrolysis cells work and how they can be combined to build big electrolysis modules. The electrolysis process and the characteristics, advantages, drawbacks, and challenges of the three main existing electrolysis technologies, namely alkaline, polymer electrolyte membrane, and solid oxide electrolyte, are then discussed. Current manufacturers and the main features of commercially available electrolyzers are extensively reviewed. Finally, the possible configurations allowing the integration of water electrolysis units with renewable energy sources in both autonomous and grid-connected systems are presented and some relevant demonstration projects are commented.
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