Poly(phenylene oxide) modified cyanate resin for self-healing

Self-healing cyanate ester resins (CE) were developed by adding low molecular weight poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) resin, yielding a high performance CE/PPO system via a low-temperature process. The addition of PPO improved the flexural strength and fracture toughness of the CE matrix without sacrificing thermal properties. CE/PPO formulations with 5, 10, and 15wt.% PPO showed 43%, 65%, and 105% increase in fracture toughness due to a combination of crack deflection, crack pinning, and matrix cavitation around second-phase particles. When PPO was introduced into the CE, dielectric properties were either unchanged or declined. During thermal treatment to heal damaged CE, liquid PPO flowed into cracks, and during subsequent cooling, solidified to bond the crack surfaces. The self-healing efficiency for CE with 15wt.% PPO after heating to 220 degrees C for 1h exhibited a recovery of 73% in toughness and 81% in microtensile strength. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.