期刊
PLOS ONE
卷 9, 期 12, 页码 -出版社
PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114162
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资金
- Environment Society of Oman
- Shell Oman Marketing
- Petroleum Development Oman
- UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office
- Ford Middle East
- Veritas Geophysical
- Salalah Port Services
- Five Oceans LLC
- Tawoos LLC
- Peter Scott Trust for Education Research in Conservation
- Marina Bandar al Rowdha
- DHL
- Mustafa Sultan Communications
- ABA School Muscat
- British School Muscat
- Sultan School Muscat
- Embassy of the United States in Muscat
- Emirates Airlines
- Oman Air
- Cathay Pacific
- KPMG
- Muscat Pharmacy
- OHI Marine
- Truck Oman
- W.J. Towell and Co.
- Han Padron Associates
- Mark Rental Cars
- WS Atkins
- Wildlife Conservation Society
A clear understanding of population structure is essential for assessing conservation status and implementing management strategies. A small, non-migratory population of humpback whales in the Arabian Sea is classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, an assessment constrained by a lack of data, including limited understanding of its relationship to other populations. We analysed 11 microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA sequences extracted from 67 Arabian Sea humpback whale tissue samples and compared them to equivalent datasets from the Southern Hemisphere and North Pacific. Results show that the Arabian Sea population is highly distinct; estimates of gene flow and divergence times suggest a Southern Indian Ocean origin but indicate that it has been isolated for approximately 70,000 years, remarkable for a species that is typically highly migratory. Genetic diversity values are significantly lower than those obtained for Southern Hemisphere populations and signatures of ancient and recent genetic bottlenecks were identified. Our findings suggest this is the world's most isolated humpback whale population, which, when combined with low population abundance estimates and anthropogenic threats, raises concern for its survival. We recommend an amendment of the status of the population to Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List.
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