Effect of Calcitriol on Bone Turnover and Osteocalcin in Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes

Background: Vitamin D supplementation in childhood improves the achievement of peak bone mass. We investigated the effect of supplementation with calcitriol on bone turnover in recent-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D). Moreover, the association between osteocalcin and parameters of beta-cell function and metabolic control was examined. Methodology/Principal Findings: We conducted a post-hoc analysis of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of calcitriol supplementation to preserve beta-cell function. 27 recent-onset T1D subjects, mean age 22 years, were randomized to 0.25 mu g calcitriol per day or placebo (1:1) and followed up for one year. Changes in bone formation (osteoclacin) and resorption (beta-CrossLaps) markers, and differences between placebo and calcitriol-treated group were evaluated. At baseline, osteocalcin levels were significantly lower in female than in male patients (P<0.01) while no other metabolic parameters as HbA1c and C-peptide differed between gender. No significant correlations were found in relation to HbA1c, insulin requirement and C-peptide. At 1 year follow-up, no significant differences were observed between calcitriol and placebo groups for osteocalcin and beta-CrossLaps. In the placebo group osteocalcin levels were unrelated with parameters of metabolic control, such as C-peptide, insulin requirement or HbA1c. Changes of C-peptide, insulin requirement and HbA1c were not related to osteocalcin levels. Conclusions: Supplementation with 0.25 mu g calcitriol per day to patients with new-onset T1D does not affect circulating markers of bone turnover. OC levels were unrelated to beta-cell function and other metabolic parameters suggesting that OC is ineffective to control pancreatic function in presence of aggressive autoimmune destruction.