期刊
PLOS ONE
卷 6, 期 12, 页码 -出版社
PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028983
关键词
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资金
- U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE 0844394]
- NSF [ANT 0944201, OCE 1040960, OCE 1040952, OCE 0927445]
- University of California, Ocean Acidification: A Training and Research Consortium
- Chambers Fellowship
- Stanford University
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- Nature Conservancy
- WWW Foundation
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography development office
- U.S. Moorea Coral Reef LTER
- Directorate For Geosciences [1040952, 1026851] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Office of Polar Programs (OPP) [1019340] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Office of Polar Programs (OPP) [944201] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1021536] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Ocean Sciences [1026851, 1040952] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Ocean Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [0927445] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Ocean Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [1041229, 0844394, 1026607, 1041240] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
The effect of Ocean Acidification (OA) on marine biota is quasi-predictable at best. While perturbation studies, in the form of incubations under elevated pCO(2), reveal sensitivities and responses of individual species, one missing link in the OA story results from a chronic lack of pH data specific to a given species' natural habitat. Here, we present a compilation of continuous, high-resolution time series of upper ocean pH, collected using autonomous sensors, over a variety of ecosystems ranging from polar to tropical, open-ocean to coastal, kelp forest to coral reef. These observations reveal a continuum of month-long pH variability with standard deviations from 0.004 to 0.277 and ranges spanning 0.024 to 1.430 pH units. The nature of the observed variability was also highly site-dependent, with characteristic diel, semi-diurnal, and stochastic patterns of varying amplitudes. These biome-specific pH signatures disclose current levels of exposure to both high and low dissolved CO2, often demonstrating that resident organisms are already experiencing pH regimes that are not predicted until 2100. Our data provide a first step toward crystallizing the biophysical link between environmental history of pH exposure and physiological resilience of marine organisms to fluctuations in seawater CO2. Knowledge of this spatial and temporal variation in seawater chemistry allows us to improve the design of OA experiments: we can test organisms with a priori expectations of their tolerance guardrails, based on their natural range of exposure. Such hypothesis-testing will provide a deeper understanding of the effects of OA. Both intuitively simple to understand and powerfully informative, these and similar comparative time series can help guide management efforts to identify areas of marine habitat that can serve as refugia to acidification as well as areas that are particularly vulnerable to future ocean change.
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