Domestication of Transposable Elements into MicroRNA Genes in Plants

Transposable elements (TE) usually take up a substantial portion genome. Activities TEs can cause genome harmful or even disastrous to the host. TEs also contribute to gene and genom RNA genes in mammals have been found to derive from transposons while convincing found that a considerable number of previously annotated plant miRNAs are identical or include a small number of bona fide miRNA genes that conform to generally which and hairpin derived Transposable elements TE) usually instability or gene mutations that evolution at many aspects. Part evidences are absent for plant transposons (TE-MIR) RNA annotation rule. medium to hi h wed siRNAs likely to be pre-evolved miRNAs. Analysis of these TEn indicate that transitions from the copy TEs into rniRNA genes may undergo steps such as inverted ormation, sequence speciation and adaptation to miRNA biogenesis. We also identified initial target genes of the TE-which contain homologous sequences in their CDS as consequence of cognate TE insertions. About one-third of the mRNAs are supported by publicly available degradome sequencing data for TE-MIR sRNA induced cleavages. he TE-MIRs are biased to non-TE related genes indicating their penchant to acquire cellular functions during evolution. Interestingly, most of these TE insertions span boundaries between coding and non-coding sequences indicating incorporation into CDS through alteration of splicing or translation start or p signals. Taken together, findings suggest that TEs in gene rich regions can form foldlaacks in non-coding part of anscrips that may eventually evolve into rniRNA genes or be integrated into protein coding sequences to form potential targets in a temperate manner. Thus, tranposons may supply as resources for the evolution of miRNA-target interactions in plants.