Cytotoxicity and Mode of Action of Four Naturally Occuring Flavonoids from the Genus Dorstenia: Gancaonin Q, 4-Hydroxylonchocarpin, 6-Prenylapigenin, and 6,8-Diprenyleriodictyol

Several flavonoid-like compounds were found to possess good antiproliferative properties. Herein, we examined the ability of four naturally occuring and biologically active flavonoids from the genus Dorstenia, gancaonin Q (1), 6-prenylapigenin (2), 6,8-diprenyleriodictyol (3), and 4-hydroxylonchocarpin (4), to inhibit the proliferation of a panel of fourteen cancer cell lines including leukemia and solid cancer cells, as well as AML12 normal hepatocytes. The study was extended to the analysis of cell cycle distribution, apoptosis induction, and caspase 3/7 activity and the antiangiogenic properties of the four compounds. The results of the cytotoxicity assays showed that more than 50% inhibition of proliferation was obtained with compound 1 on all the fourteen studied cancer cell lines, with IC50 values below 20 mu g/mL. Compounds 2, 4, and 3 showed selective activity, with IC50 values below 20 mu g/mL being noted on 57.15%, 71.42%, and 85.71% of the fourteen cancer cell lines, respectively. None of the compounds exhibited more than 50% inhibition against AML12 normal hepatocytes cells at 20 mu g/mL. IC50 values below or around 4 mu g/mL were recorded on 28.57% of the tested cell lines for both compound 1 and 4 and 21.43% for compound 3, which appeared to be the best cytotoxic compounds. This study indicates that caspase 3/7 activation is one of the modes of induction of apoptosis for compounds 1, 3, and 4 in CCRF-CEM cells. The results of the antiangiogenic assay indicated that compounds 1, 3, and 4 were also able to inhibit the growth of blood capillaries on the chorioallantoic membrane of quail eggs, the best effect being noted for compound 4 (54.1% inhibition).