期刊
PLANT JOURNAL
卷 59, 期 2, 页码 207-220出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2009.03872.x
关键词
guard cell; Ca2+; intracellular Ca2+; abi1; signal transduction
资金
- National Institutes of Health [R01GM060396]
- National Science Foundation [MCB0417118]
- Department of Energy [FG02-03ER15449]
- Natural Science Foundation of China [2070/028]
- Div Of Molecular and Cellular Bioscience
- Direct For Biological Sciences [0918220] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
P>Stomatal closure in response to abscisic acid depends on mechanisms that are mediated by intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+](i)), and also on mechanisms that are independent of [Ca2+](i) in guard cells. In this study, we addressed three important questions with respect to these two predicted pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana. (i) How large is the relative abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure response in the [Ca2+](i)-elevation-independent pathway? (ii) How do ABA-insensitive mutants affect the [Ca2+](i)-elevation-independent pathway? (iii) Does ABA enhance (prime) the Ca2+ sensitivity of anion and inward-rectifying K+ channel regulation? We monitored stomatal responses to ABA while experimentally inhibiting [Ca2+](i) elevations and clamping [Ca2+](i) to resting levels. The absence of [Ca2+](i) elevations was confirmed by ratiometric [Ca2+](i) imaging experiments. ABA-induced stomatal closure in the absence of [Ca2+](i) elevations above the physiological resting [Ca2+](i) showed only approximately 30% of the normal stomatal closure response, and was greatly slowed compared to the response in the presence of [Ca2+](i) elevations. The ABA-insensitive mutants ost1-2, abi2-1 and gca2 showed partial stomatal closure responses that correlate with [Ca2+](i)-dependent ABA signaling. Interestingly, patch-clamp experiments showed that exposure of guard cells to ABA greatly enhances the ability of cytosolic Ca2+ to activate S-type anion channels and down-regulate inward-rectifying K+ channels, providing strong evidence for a Ca2+ sensitivity priming hypothesis. The present study demonstrates and quantifies an attenuated and slowed ABA response when [Ca2+](i) elevations are directly inhibited in guard cells. A minimal model is discussed, in which ABA enhances (primes) the [Ca2+](i) sensitivity of stomatal closure mechanisms.
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