Fungicide Sensitivity of Pythium spp. Associated with Cavity Spot of Carrot in California and Michigan

Lu, X. H., Davis, R. M., Livingston, S., Nunez, J., and Hao, J. J. 2012. Fungicide sensitivity of Pythium spp. associated with cavity spot of carrot in California and Michigan. Plant Dis. 96:384-388. The identity of 172 isolates of Pythium spp. from cavity spot lesions on carrot produced in California and Michigan was determined, and their sensitivity to three fungicides was examined. Pythium violae accounted for 85% of California isolates, with P irregulare, P dissotocum (the first report as a carrot pathogen in the United States), P ultimum, and P sulcatum making the balance. P sulcatum, P sylvaticum, and P intermedium were the most commonly recovered (85%) species in Michigan; others from Michigan included P. intermedium, P irregulare, and an unclassified strain, M2-05. On fungicide-amended media, 93% of isolates were sensitive to mefenoxam (inhibition of mycelia] growth was >60% at 10 mu g active ingredient [a.i]/ml); however, two of five isolates of P irregulare from California were highly resistant (<= 60% inhibition at 100 mu g a.i./ml); about half of the isolates of P intermedium and P sylvaticum and a single isolate of P violae were highly or intermediately resistant to mefenoxam (>60% inhibition at 100 mu g a.i./ml, or <= 60% inhibition at 10 mu g a.i./ml). P dissotocum, P irregulare, P sulcatum, M2-05, and three of seven isolates of P intermedium were insensitive to fluopicolide (effective concentrations for 50% growth inhibition [EC50] were >50 mu g a.i./ml), while P sylvaticum, P ultimum, P violae, and some isolates in P intermedium were ksensitive (EC50 < 1 mu g a.i./ml). All isolates were sensitive to zoxamide (EC50 < 1 mu g a.i./ml). Sensitivity baselines of P violae to zoxamide and fluopicolide were established.