期刊
PLANT CELL
卷 26, 期 7, 页码 3062-3076出版社
AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS
DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.125880
关键词
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资金
- Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science [30612022, 24770038]
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology in Japan
- Research Foundation-Flanders
- EMBO [LTF 795-2012]
- National Science Foundation [MCB1157824]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [23227001, 24770038] Funding Source: KAKEN
- Div Of Molecular and Cellular Bioscience
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1157824] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
GNOM is one of the most characterized membrane trafficking regulators in plants, with crucial roles in development. GNOM encodes an ARF-guanine nucleotide exchange factor (ARF-GEF) that activates small GTPases of the ARF (ADP ribosylation factor) class to mediate vesicle budding at endomembranes. The crucial role of GNOM in recycling of PIN auxin transporters and other proteins to the plasma membrane was identified in studies using the ARF-GEF inhibitor brefeldin A (BFA). GNOM, the most prominent regulator of recycling in plants, has been proposed to act and localize at so far elusive recycling endosomes. Here, we report the GNOM localization in context of its cellular function in Arabidopsis thaliana. State-of-the-art imaging, pharmacological interference, and ultrastructure analysis show that GNOM predominantly localizes to Golgi apparatus. Super-resolution confocal live imaging microscopy identified GNOM and its closest homolog GNOM-like 1 at distinct subdomains on Golgi cisternae. Short-term BFA treatment stabilizes GNOM at the Golgi apparatus, whereas prolonged exposures results in GNOM translocation to trans-Golgi network (TGN)/early endosomes (EEs). Malformed TGN/EE in gnom mutants suggests a role for GNOM in maintaining TGN/EE function. Our results redefine the subcellular action of GNOM and reevaluate the identity and function of recycling endosomes in plants.
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