Anti-inflammatory Effects of the Zingiber officinale roscoe Constituent 12-Dehydrogingerdione in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Raw 264.7 Cells

Ginger has long been used worldwide as a spice, seasoning, and wine and is also used as a traditional medicine. There have been no previous studies of the potential beneficial effects of the ginger constituent 12-dehydrogingerdione (12-DHGD). We investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of 12-DHGD on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. The cytotoxicity of 12-DHGD was measured using the MTT assay, and production of prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) and the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- was measured by ELISA. Production of nitric oxide (NO) was measured using Griess reagent and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible NO (iNOS) enzymes was assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Treatment of Raw 264.7 cells with 12-DHGD significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated production of NO (at 12-DHGD concentrations of 150 and 200ng/ml), IL-6 (at 50, 100, 150, and 200ng/ml), and PGE(2) (at 200ng/ml). Consistent with the effects on NO and PGE(2) production, 12-DHGD treatment also inhibited the LPS-stimulated increase in iNOS and COX-2 mRNA levels. However, 12-DHGD did not affect production of IL-1 or TNF- in response to LPS. 12-DHGD, a constituent of ginger, is a potent inhibitor of proinflammatory mediator production in Raw 264.7 macrophage cells. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.