Flavonoids from carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) and their antifungal activity

A flavonoid glycoside, kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 -> 2)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 -> 2)-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 -> 6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), along with two known C- and O-flavonoid glycosides (2 and 3, respectively), were isolated from carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus). The structures of the isolated compounds have been elucidated unambiguously by UV, MS, and a series of ID and 2D NMR analyses. The isolated compounds and other flavonoid glycoside analogues exhibited antifungal activity against different Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi pathotypes. (C) 2008 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.