Three 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase activities of Equisetum arvense L. forming flavone and flavonol from (2S)-naringenin

Equisetum arvense L. (Equisetaceae-horsetail) accumulates various flavones and flavonols in infertile shoot. Enzyme assays conducted with crude extracts of the green tissue revealed chalcone synthase activity and also three further activities assigned to flavonoid biosynthesis and identified as flavone synthase I, flavanone 3 beta-hydroxylase and flavonol synthase. The latter three activities were characterized as soluble, 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases by their typical cofactor requirements and peculiar inhibition. Notably, this is the first report of flavone synthase I which had been considered to be restricted solely to species of the Apiaceae from a distant plant taxon. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.