期刊
PHYTOCHEMISTRY
卷 70, 期 15-16, 页码 1687-1695出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.05.017
关键词
Pyrrolizidine alkaloid; Gene duplication; Pathway evolution; Plant secondary metabolism; Homospermidine synthase; Deoxyhypusine synthase
资金
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [1152]
- German Academic Exchange Service
- government of Egypt
- Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften
The system of pyrrolizidine alkaloids has proven to be a powerful system for studying the evolution of a biosynthetic pathway in plant secondary metabolism. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are typical plant secondary products produced by the plant as a defense against herbivores. The first specific enzyme, homospermidine synthase, has been shown to have evolved by duplication of the gene encoding deoxyhypusine synthase, which is involved in primary metabolism. Despite the identical function of homospermidine synthase for pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis in the various plant lineages, this gene duplication has occurred several times independently during angiosperm evolution. After duplication, these gene copies diverged with respect to gene function and regulation. In the diverse plant lineages producing pyrrolizidine alkaloids, homospermidine synthase has been shown to be expressed in a variety of tissues, suggesting that the regulatory elements were recruited individually after the duplication of the structural gene. The molecular, kinetic, and expression data of this system are discussed with respect to current models of gene and pathway evolution. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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