Suppression of reactive oxygen species by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a classical glycolytic enzyme, is involved in cellular energy production and has important housekeeping functions. In this report, we show that a GAPDH from Arabidopsis, GAPDHa, has a novel function involved in H2O2-mediated cell death in yeast and Arabidopsis protoplasts. GAPDHa was cloned along with other plant genes that suppress Bax-induced cell death in yeast. Flow cytometry analyses with dihydrorhodamine 123 indicated that H2O2 production mediated by Bax expression in yeast cells was greatly reduced when Bax was coexpressed with GAPDHa. In plants, GAPDHa transcript levels were greatly increased by H2O2 treatment. Furthermore, transformation of GAPDHa into Arabidopsis protoplasts strongly suppressed heat shock-induced H2O2 production and cell death. Together, our results indicate that GAPDH controls generation of H2O2 by Bax and heat shock, which in turn suppresses cell death in yeast and plant cells. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.