期刊
WATER RESEARCH
卷 83, 期 -, 页码 31-41出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.05.066
关键词
Ciprofloxacin; Electrochemical oxidation; Electro-Fenton; Photoelectro-Fenton; Sunlight; Wastewater treatment
资金
- MINECO (Spain) [CTQ-2013-46679-C2-1-R]
- FEDER funds
- CNPq [474913/2012-0, 406612/2013-7]
- CAPES
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia (INCT) Energia e Meio Ambiente [573.783/2008-0)]
- UFABC
- MEC (Spain)
- FAPESP [2011/21656-6]
- FAPESP (BEPE project) [2014/04218-3]
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [11/21656-6] Funding Source: FAPESP
The degradation of 100 mL of 0.245 mM of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin in 0.05 M Na2SO4 at pH 3.0 has been studied by electrochemical oxidation with electrogenerated H2O2 (EO-H2O2), electro-Fenton (EF), UVA photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) and solar PEF (SPEF). Electrolyses were performed with a stirred tank reactor using either a boron-doped diamond (BDD) or Pt anode and an air-diffusion cathode. In EF, PEF and SPEF, ciprofloxacin was rapidly removed due to its oxidation with (OH)-O-center dot formed from Fenton's reaction between added Fe2+ and H2O2 generated at the cathode. The larger electrochemical incineration of the antibiotic was achieved by SPEF with BDD with 95% mineralization thanks to the additional attack by hydroxyl radicals formed from water oxidation at the BUD anode surface and the photolysis of final Fe(III)-oxalate and Fe(III)-oxamate species from sunlight. Up to 10 primary intermediates and 11 hydroxylated derivatives were identified by LC-MS, allowing the proposal of a reaction sequence for ciprofloxacin mineralization. A different behavior was found when the same antibiotic concentration was oxidized in a synthetic urine matrix with high urea content and a mixture of PO43-, SO42- and Cl- ions. Since Fenton's reaction was inhibited in this medium, only EO and EO-H2O2 processes were useful for mineralization, being the organics mainly degraded by HClO formed from Cl- oxidation. The EO process with a BDD/stainless steel cell was found to be the most powerful treatment for the urine solution, yielding 96% ciprofloxacin removal and 98% mineralization after 360 min of electrolysis at optimum values of pH 3.0 and current density of 66.6 mA cm(-2). The evolution of released inorganic ions was followed by ion chromatography. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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