期刊
WATER RESEARCH
卷 68, 期 -, 页码 701-709出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.10.055
关键词
Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs); Biodegradation; Sorption; Nitritation/anammox; Granule size; Biomass activity
资金
- Spanish Ministry of Education and Science through NOVEDAR_Consolider project [CSD2007-00055]
- Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through INNOTRAZA project [CTQ2010-20240]
- Xunta de Galicia through MicroDAN [EM 2012/087]
- GRC project by the Fundacion Segundo Gil Davila [2013-032]
Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are extensively used and can therefore find their way into surface, groundwater and municipal and industrial effluents. In this work, the occurrence, fate and removal mechanisms of 19 selected PPCPs was investigated in an 'ELiminacion Autotrofa de Nitrogeno' (ELAN (R)) reactor of 200 L. In this configuration, ammonium oxidation to nitrite and the anoxic ammonium oxidation (anammox)processes occur simultaneously in a single-stage reactor under oxygen limited conditions. The ELAN (R) process achieved high removal (>80%) of the studied hormones, naproxen, ibuprofen, bisphenol A and celestolide, while it was not effective in the removal of carbamazepine (<7%), diazepam (<7%) and fluoxetine (<30%). Biodegradation was the dominant removal mechanism, while sorption was only observed for musk fragrances, fluoxetine and triclosan. The sorption was strongly dependent on the granule size, with smaller granules facilitating the sorption of the target compounds. Increased hydraulic retention time enhanced the intramolecular diffusion of the PPCPs into the granules, and thus increased the solid phase concentration. The increase of nitritation rate favored the removal of ibuprofen, bisphenol A and triclosan, while the removal of erythromycin was strongly correlated to the anammox reaction rate. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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