期刊
PHYSICS IN PERSPECTIVE
卷 15, 期 3, 页码 320-358出版社
SPRINGER BASEL AG
DOI: 10.1007/s00016-013-0117-1
关键词
Eugen Askenasy; Josef Bohm; Edwin B. Copeland; Pierre Cruiziat; Francis Darwin; Henry H. Dixon; George Francis FitzGerald; Stephen Hales; Taco Hajo van den Honert; John Joly; John A. Milburn; Park S. Nobel; J. J. Oertli; William F. Picard; John S. Sperry; Ernst Steudle; Eduard Strasburger; Melvin T.; Tyree; Martin H. Zimmermann; cohesion; tension theory; rise of sap; transpiration; capillarity; cavitation; negative xylem pressure; hydraulic architecture; global; warming; climate change; history of biophysics.
The ability of trees to suck water from roots to leaves, sometimes to heights of over a hundred meters, is remarkable given the absence of any mechanical pump. In this study I deal with a number of issues, of both a historical and conceptual nature, in the orthodox Cohesion-Tension (CT) theory of the ascent of sap in trees. The theory relies chiefly on the exceptional cohesive and adhesive properties of water, the structural properties of trees, and the role of evaporation (transpiration) from leaves. But it is not the whole story. Plant scientists have been aware since the inception of the theory in the late 19(th) century that further processes are at work in order to prime the trees, the main such process - growth itself - being so obvious to them that it is often omitted from the story. Other factors depend largely on the type of tree, and are not always fully understood. For physicists, in particular, it may be helpful to see the fuller picture, which is what I attempt to provide in nontechnical terms.
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