4.4 Review

Viral membrane fusion

期刊

VIROLOGY
卷 479, 期 -, 页码 498-507

出版社

ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.03.043

关键词

Virus entry; Fusion mechanism; Fusion protein

类别

资金

  1. NIH [CA13202, AI057159, AI109740]

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Membrane fusion is an essential step when enveloped viruses enter cells. Lipid bilayer fusion requires catalysis to overcome a high kinetic barrier; viral fusion proteins are the agents that fulfill this catalytic function. Despite a variety of molecular architectures, these proteins facilitate fusion by essentially the same generic mechanism. Stimulated by a signal associated with arrival at the cell to be infected (e.g., receptor or co-receptor binding, proton binding in an endosome), they undergo a series of conformational changes. A hydrophobic segment (a fusion loop or fusion peptide) engages the target-cell membrane and collapse of the bridging intermediate thus formed draws the two membranes (virus and cell) together. We know of three structural classes for viral fusion proteins. Structures for both pre- and postfusion conformations of illustrate the beginning and end points of a process that can be probed by single-virion measurements of fusion kinetics. (C) 2015 The Author. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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