Spin Polarization of Photoelectrons from Topological Insulators

We show that the degree of spin polarization of photoelectrons from the surface states of topological insulators is 100% if fully polarized light is used as in typical photoemission measurements, and, hence, can be significantly higher than that of the initial state. Further, the spin orientation of these photoelectrons in general can also be very different from that of the initial surface state and is controlled by the photon polarization. A rich set of predicted phenomena have recently been confirmed by spin- and angle-resolved photoemission experiments.