期刊
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
卷 109, 期 18, 页码 -出版社
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.180502
关键词
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资金
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology [CE110001027]
- U.S. National Security Agency
- U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-08-1-0527]
- Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) via Department of Interior National Business Center [D11PC20166]
The field of quantum computation currently lacks a formal proof of experimental feasibility. Qubits are fragile and sophisticated quantum error correction is required to achieve reliable quantum computation. The surface code is a promising quantum error correction code, requiring only a physically reasonable 2D lattice of qubits with nearest neighbor interactions. However, existing proofs that reliable quantum computation is possible using this code assume the ability to measure four-body operators and, despite making this difficult to realize assumption, require that the error rate of these operator measurements is less than 10(-9), an unphysically low target. High error rates have been proved tolerable only when assuming tunable interactions of strength and error rate independent of distance, which is also unphysical. In this work, given a 2D lattice of qubits with only nearest neighbor two-qubit gates, and single-qubit measurement, initialization, and unitary gates, all of which have error rate p, we prove that arbitrarily reliable quantum computation is possible provided p < 7.4 X 10(-4), a target that many experiments have already achieved. This closes a long-standing open problem, formally proving the experimental feasibility of quantum computation under physically reasonable assumptions.
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