期刊
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
卷 106, 期 5, 页码 -出版社
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.050405
关键词
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资金
- DFG
- DFG Forschergruppe [635]
- [SFB 631]
When a nonintegrable system evolves out of equilibrium for a long time, local observables are in general expected to attain stationary expectation values, independent of the details of the initial state. But the thermalization of a closed quantum system is not yet well understood. Here we show that it presents indeed a much richer phenomenology than its classical counterpart. Using a new numerical technique, we identify two distinct regimes, strong and weak, occurring for different initial states. Strong thermalization, intrinsically quantum, happens when instantaneous local expectation values converge to the thermal ones. Weak thermalization, well known in classical systems, shows convergence to thermal values only after time averaging. Remarkably, we find a third group of states showing no thermalization, neither strong nor weak, to the time scales one can reliably simulate.
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