Nonlocal complex Ginzburg-Landau equation for electrochemical systems

By means of an extended center-manifold reduction, we derive the nonlocal complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (NCGLE) valid for electrochemical systems with migration coupling. We carry out the stability analysis of the uniform oscillation, elucidating the role of the nonlocal coupling in electrochemical systems at the vicinity of a supercritical Hopf bifurcation. We apply the NCGLE to an experimental system, an N-type negative differential resistance electrochemical oscillator, which is shown to exhibit electrochemical turbulence for wide parameter ranges.