Semiclassical theory of Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer pairing-gap fluctuations

Superfluidity and superconductivity are genuine many-body manifestations of quantum coherence. For finite-size systems the associated pairing gap fluctuates as a function of size or shape. We provide a theoretical description of the zero temperature pairing fluctuations in the weak-coupling BCS limit of mesoscopic systems characterized by order or chaos dynamics. The theory accurately describes experimental observations of nuclear superfluidity (regular system), predicts universal fluctuations of superconductivity in small chaotic metallic grains, and provides a global analysis in ultracold Fermi gases.