Active Brownian particles: Entropy production and fluctuation response

Within the Rayleigh-Helmholtz model of active Brownian particles, activity is due to a nonlinear velocity-dependent force. In the presence of external trapping potential or constant force, the steady state of the system breaks detailed balance producing a net entropy. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we obtain the probability distributions of entropy production in these steady states. The distribution functions obey fluctuation theorems for entropy production. Using the simulation, we further show that the steady-state response function obeys a modified fluctuation-dissipation relation.