Gravitational lensing by phantom black holes

In some models dark energy is described by phantom scalar fields (scalar fields with the wrong sign of the kinetic term in the Lagrangian). In the current paper we study the effect of phantom scalar field and/or phantom electromagnetic field on gravitational lensing by black holes in the strong deflection regime. The black-hole solutions that we have studied have been obtained in the frame of the Einstein-(anti-)Maxwell-(anti)dilaton theory. The numerical analysis shows a considerable effect of the phantom scalar and electromagnetic fields on the angular position, brightness, and separation of the relativistic images. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.87.063005