Preferred-frame and CP-violation tests with polarized electrons

We used a torsion pendulum containing approximate to 10(23) polarized electrons to search new interactions that couple to electron spin. We limit CP-violating interactions between the pendulum's electrons and unpolarized matter in the Earth or the Sun, test for rotation and boost-dependent preferred-frame effects using the Earth's rotation and velocity with respect to the entire cosmos, and search for exotic velocity-dependent potentials between polarized electrons and unpolarized matter in the Sun and Moon. We find CP-violating parameters vertical bar g(P)(e)g(S)(N)vertical bar/(hc) 9.4 x 10(-37) and vertical bar g(A)(e)g(V)(N)vertical bar/(hc) 1.2 x 10(-56) for lambda > 1 AU. We test for preferred-frame interactions of the form V = -sigma(e) . A, V = -B sigma(e) . upsilon/c or V = - Sigma sigma C-e(i)i(j)upsilon(j)/c, where upsilon is the velocity of the Earth with respect to the cosmic microwave background restframe and i, j represent the equatorial inertial coordinates X, Y, and Z. We constrain all 3 components of A, obtaining 1 sigma upper limits vertical bar A(X),(Y)vertical bar <= 1.5 x 10(-22) eV and vertical bar A(Z)vertical bar +/- 4.4 x 10(-21) eV that may be compared to the benchmark value m(e)(2)/M-Planck = 2 x 10(-17) eV. Interpreting our constraint on A in terms of noncommutative geometry, we obtain an upper bound of (355l(GUT))2 on the minimum observable area, where I-GUT = hc/(10(16) GeV) is the grand unification length. We find that vertical bar B vertical bar <= 1.2 x 10(-19) eV. All 9 components of C are constrained at the 10(-17) to 10(-18) eV level. We determine 9 linear combinations of parameters of the standard model extension; rotational-noninvariant and boost-noninvariant terms are limited at roughly the 10(-31) GeV and 10(-27) GeV levels, respectively. Finally, we find that the gravitational mass of an electron spinning toward the galactic center differs by less than about I part in 10(21) from an electron spinning in the opposite direction. As a byproduct of this work, the density of polarized electrons in Sm Co-5 was measured to be (4.19 +/- 0.19) x 10(22) cm(-3) at a field of 9.6 kG.