Topology-changing first order phase transition and the dynamics of flavor

In studying the dynamics of large Nc, SU(N-c) gauge theory at finite temperature with fundamental quark flavors in the quenched approximation, we observe a first order phase transition. A quark condensate forms at finite quark mass, and the value of the condensate varies smoothly with the quark mass for generic regions in parameter space. At a particular value of the quark mass, there is a finite discontinuity in the condensate's vacuum expectation value, corresponding to a first order phase transition. We study the gauge theory via its string dual formulation using the AdS/CFT conjecture, the string dual being the near-horizon geometry of Nc D3-branes at finite temperature, AdS5-Schwarzschild X S-5, probed by a D7-brane. The D7-brane has topology (RXSXS1)-X-4-X-3 and allowed solutions correspond to either the S-3 or the S-1 shrinking away in the interior of the geometry. The phase transition represents a jump between branches of solutions having these two distinct D-brane topologies. The transition also appears in the meson spectrum.