4.5 Article

Free-streaming approximation in early dynamics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions

期刊

PHYSICAL REVIEW C
卷 80, 期 3, 页码 -

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AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.80.034902

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资金

  1. Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [N202 153 32/4247, N202 034 32/0918, N202 249235]
  2. US NSF [PHY-0653432]

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We investigate an approximation to early dynamics in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, where after formation the partons are free streaming and around the proper time of 1 fm/c undergo a sudden equilibration described in terms of the Landau matching condition. We discuss physical and formal aspects of this approach. In particular, we show that initial azimuthally asymmetric transverse flow develops for noncentral collisions as a consequence of the sudden equilibration. Moreover, the energy-momentum tensor from the free-streaming stage matches very smoothly to the form used in the transverse hydrodynamics, whereas matching to isotropic hydrodynamics requires a more pronounced change in the energy-momentum tensor. After the hydrodynamic phase statistical hadronization is carried out with the help of THERMINATOR. The physical results for the transverse-momentum spectra, the elliptic-flow, and the Hanbury-Brown-Twiss correlation radii, including the ratio R-out/R-side as well as the dependence of the radii on the azimuthal angle (azHBT), are properly described within our approach. The agreement is equally good for a purely hydrodynamic evolution started at an early proper time of 0.25 fm/c, or for the free streaming started at that time, followed by the sudden equilibration at tau similar to 1 fm/c and then by perfect hydrodynamics. Thus, the inclusion of free streaming allows us to delay the start of hydrodynamics to more realistic times of the order of 1 fm/c.

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