Spin relaxation properties in graphene due to its linear dispersion

A spin injection is achieved in a direct-contact cobalt-single-layer graphene nonlocal spin-valve system, overlaid with a top gate. The spin signal is retained even in bipolar configurations of graphene. Hanle spin-precession analysis demonstrates that proportionality between spin and momentum relaxation times, which supports the Elliot-Yafet-type spin relaxation, holds consistently only when the carrier-density dependence of the density of states is taken into account. The corresponding strong spin-orbit coupling (similar to 10 meV) suggests that covalently bonded adsorbates, rather than charged impurities, govern the spin relaxation in diffusive graphene.