Solitons in PT-symmetric periodic systems with the quadratic nonlinearity

We introduce a one-dimensional system combining the PT-symmetric complex periodic potential and the chi((2)) (second-harmonic-generating) nonlinearity. The imaginary part of the potential, which represents spatially separated and mutually balanced gain and loss, affects only the fundamental-frequency (FF) wave, while the real potential acts on the second-harmonic (SH) component too. Soliton modes are constructed, and their stability is investigated (by means of the linearization and direct simulations) in semi-infinite and finite gaps in the corresponding spectrum, starting from the bifurcation which generates the solitons from edges of the gaps' edges. Families of solitons embedded into the continuous spectrum of the SH component are found too, and it is demonstrated that a part of the families of these embedded solitons is stable. The analysis is focused on effects produced by the variation of the strength of the imaginary part of the potential, which is a specific characteristic of the PT system. The consideration is performed chiefly for the most relevant case of matched real potentials acting on the FF and SH components. The case of the real potential acting solely on the FF component is briefly considered too. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.013832