The weight of obesity on the human immune response to vaccination

Despite the high success of protection against several infectious diseases through effective vaccines, some sub-populations have been observed to respond poorly to vaccines, putting them at increased risk for vaccine-preventable diseases. In particular, the limited data concerning the effect of obesity on vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy suggests that obesity is a factor that increases the likelihood of a poor vaccine-induced immune response. Obesity occurs through the deposition of excess lipids into adipose tissue through the production of adipocytes, and is defined as a body-mass index (BMI) >= 30 kg/m(2). The immune system is adversely affected by obesity, and these immune consequences raise concern for the lack of vaccine-induced immunity in the obese patient requiring discussion of how this sub-population might be better protected. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.