Superfluid pairing between fermions with unequal masses

We consider a superfluid state in a two- component gas of fermionic atoms with equal densities and unequal masses in the BCS limit. We develop a perturbation theory along the lines proposed by Gorkov and Melik-Barkhudarov and find that for a large difference in the masses of heavy (M) and light (m) atoms one has to take into account both the second- order and third- order contributions. The result for the critical temperature and order parameter is then quite different from the prediction of the simple BCS approach. Moreover, the small parameter of the theory turns out to be (pF vertical bar a vertical bar h)root M/m << 1, where p(F) is the Fermi momentum and a the scattering length. Thus, for a large mass ratio M/ m the conventional perturbation theory requires significantly smaller Fermi momenta (densities) or scattering lengths than in the case of M similar to m, where the small parameter is p(F)vertical bar a vertical bar h << 1. We show that three-body scattering resonances appearing at a large mass ratio due to the presence of three-body bound Efimov states do not influence the result, which in this sense becomes universal.