期刊
UROLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
卷 42, 期 2, 页码 147-+出版社
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2015.01.001
关键词
-
资金
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01 CA160986]
Bladder cancer ranges from a low-grade variant to high-grade disease. Assessment for treatment depends on white light cystoscopy, however because of its limitations there is a need for improved visualization of flat, multifocal, high-grade, and muscle-invasive lesions. Photodynamic diagnosis and narrow-band imaging provide additional contrast enhancement of bladder tumors and have been shown to improve detection rates. Confocal laser endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography enable real-time, high-resolution, subsurface tissue characterization with spatial resolutions similar to histology. Molecular imaging offers the potential for the combination of optical imaging technologies with cancer-specific molecular agents to improve the specificity of disease detection.
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