期刊
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
卷 15, 期 28, 页码 11740-11747出版社
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51310f
关键词
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资金
- U.S. DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) [DE-AC05-0096OR22725]
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy
- Campbell Applied Physics, Inc.
- National Science Foundation [CBET-0651683]
Neutron imaging is presented as a tool for quantifying the diffusion of ions inside porous materials, such as carbon electrodes used in the desalination process via capacitive deionization and in electro-chemical energy-storage devices. Monolithic mesoporous carbon electrodes of similar to 10 nm pore size were synthesized based on a soft-template method. The electrodes were used with an aqueous solution of gadolinium nitrate in an electrochemical flow-through cell designed for neutron imaging studies. Sequences of neutron images were obtained under various conditions of applied potential between the electrodes. The images revealed information on the direction and magnitude of ion transport within the electrodes. From the time-dependent concentration profiles inside the electrodes, the average value of the effective diffusion coefficient for gadolinium ions was estimated to be 2.09 +/- 0.17 x 10(-11) m(2) s(-1) at 0 V and 1.42 +/- 0.06 x 10(-10) m(2) s(-1) at 1.2 V. The values of the effective diffusion coefficient obtained from neutron imaging experiments can be used to evaluate model predictions of the ion transport rate in capacitive deionization and electrochemical energy-storage devices.
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