Urban forest resilience through tree selection-Variation in drought tolerance in Acer

It is widely recognized that trees contribute a range of ecosystem services in urban environments. However, the magnitude of their contribution is closely related to their physiological condition and capacity to persist within our towns and cities. Root loss during transplanting, limited soil volume, disruption to soil hydrological processes and impermeable surfaces result in water deficits being major physiological stress limiting the performance of urban trees. The leaf water potential at turgor loss (Psi(p0)) provides a robust measure of drought tolerance since a more negative Psi(p0) allows the leaf to maintain physiological function over a wider range of leaf water potentials and, by implication, soil matric potentials (Psi(soil)). In this study, Psi(p0) was calculated for 27 maple (Acer) genotypes based on a known linear relationship between the osmotic potential at full turgor (Psi(pi 100)) and Psi(p0). In spring, Psi(p0) varied between -1.4 MPa in Acer carpinifolium and -2.7 in both Acer rubrum 'Northwood' and Acer x freemanii 'Autumn Blaze'. During summer, Acer spicatum had the highest Psi(p0) at -1.6 MPa and Acer monspessulanum had the lowest Psi(p0) at -4.3 MPa. Significant differences in Psi(p0) were found between cultivars of A. rubrum and Acer saccharum. A highly significant relationship was found between seasonal osmotic adjustment and summer Psi(p0) suggesting that osmotic adjustment is a driving force for summer Psi(p0) in Acer leaves. These data confirm the wide range of tolerance to water deficits in Acer and give important insight into the potential of species to tolerate periods of low water availability by providing quantitative data not previously available. The technique shows great promise as a screening tool for the drought tolerance of new and traditional plant material. This data will be highly relevant for those selecting trees for urban sites as well as for nurseries seeking to evaluate genotypes for production purposes. (C) 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.