期刊
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
卷 369, 期 1649, 页码 -出版社
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0254
关键词
ontogeny; disparity; evolutionary rates; modularity; Mammalia
类别
资金
- UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/H022937/1]
- U.S. National Science Foundation International Research Fellowship [OISE 0502186]
- National Science Foundation DDIG [0308765]
- Field Museum's Women-in-Science Fellowship
- Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Predoctoral Fellowship
- American Museum of Natural History collections study grant
- University of California Samuel P. and Doris Welles Fund
- University of Chicago Hinds Fund
- NERC [NE/H022937/1, NE/J012432/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/H022937/1, NE/J012432/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Environmental Biology [0308765] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Phenotypic integration is a pervasive characteristic of organisms. Numerous analyses have demonstrated that patterns of phenotypic integration are conserved across large clades, but that significant variation also exists. For example, heterochronic shifts related to different mammalian reproductive strategies are reflected in postcranial skeletal integration and in coordination of bone ossification. Phenotypic integration and modularity have been hypothesized to shape morphological evolution, and we extended simulations to confirm that trait integration can influence both the trajectory and magnitude of response to selection. We further demonstrate that phenotypic integration can produce both more and less disparate organisms than would be expected under random walk models by repartitioning variance in preferred directions. This effect can also be expected to favour homoplasy and convergent evolution. New empirical analyses of the carnivoran cranium show that rates of evolution, in contrast, are not strongly influenced by phenotypic integration and show little relationship to morphological disparity, suggesting that phenotypic integration may shape the direction of evolutionary change, but not necessarily the speed of it. Nonetheless, phenotypic integration is problematic for morphological clocks and should be incorporated more widely into models that seek to accurately reconstruct both trait and organismal evolution.
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