期刊
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
卷 368, 期 1619, 页码 -出版社
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0153
关键词
riparian forests; agriculture; land management; pasture; soya beans
类别
资金
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth and Space Science Fellowship [NNX08AX08H]
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- National Science Foundation [DEB0949996, DEB0743703, DEB0949370]
- Packard Foundation
- Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)
- NASA [NNX08AX08H, 93634] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Environmental Biology [0949996] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Emerging Frontiers [0949370] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Large-scale cattle and crop production are the primary drivers of deforestation in the Amazon today. Such land-use changes can degrade stream ecosystems by reducing connectivity, changing light and nutrient inputs, and altering the quantity and quality of streamwater. This study integrates field data from 12 catchments with satellite-derived information for the 176 000 km(2) upper Xingu watershed (Mato Grosso, Brazil). We quantify recent land-use transitions and evaluate the influence of land management on streamwater temperature, an important determinant of habitat quality in small streams. By 2010, over 40 per cent of catchments outside protected areas were dominated (greater than 60% of area) by agriculture, with an estimated 10 000 impoundments in the upper Xingu. Streams in pasture and soya bean watersheds were significantly warmer than those in forested watersheds, with average daily maxima over 4 degrees C higher in pasture and 3 degrees C higher in soya bean. The upstream density of impoundments and riparian forest cover accounted for 43 per cent of the variation in temperature. Scaling up, our model suggests that management practices associated with recent agricultural expansion may have already increased headwater stream temperatures across the Xingu. Although increased temperatures could negatively impact stream biota, conserving or restoring riparian buffers could reduce predicted warming by as much as fivefold.
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