期刊
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
卷 367, 期 1588, 页码 493-507出版社
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0212
关键词
inorganic carbon; mixing depth; photosynthetically active radiation; Rubisco; temperature; nutrients; UV radiation
类别
资金
- BBSRC UK
- NERC UK
- Fondazione Cariverona, Italy
- Southeast Wisconsin Energy Technology Research Center, USA
- Ministry for Agriculture and Forestry (MIPAF), Italy
- Australian Research Council
- Natural Environment Research Council [ceh010022] Funding Source: researchfish
Oxygenic photosynthesis evolved at least 2.4 Ga; all oxygenic organisms use the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco)-photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle (PCRC) rather than one of the five other known pathways of autotrophic CO2 assimilation. The high CO2 and (initially) O-2-free conditions permitted the use of a Rubisco with a high maximum specific reaction rate. As CO2 decreased and O-2 increased, Rubisco oxygenase activity increased and 2-phosphoglycolate was produced, with the evolution of pathways recycling this inhibitory product to sugar phosphates. Changed atmospheric composition also selected for Rubiscos with higher CO2 affinity and CO2/O-2 selectivity correlated with decreased CO2-saturated catalytic capacity and/or for CO2-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs). These changes increase the energy, nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, zinc and manganese cost of producing and operating Rubisco-PCRC, while biosphere oxygenation decreased the availability of nitrogen, phosphorus and iron. The majority of algae today have CCMs; the timing of their origins is unclear. If CCMs evolved in a low-CO2 episode followed by one or more lengthy high-CO2 episodes, CCM retention could involve a combination of environmental factors known to favour CCM retention in extant organisms that also occur in a warmer high-CO2 ocean. More investigations, including studies of genetic adaptation, are needed.
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