Calcium dynamics integrated into signalling pathways that influence vertebrate axial patterning

Many aspects of animal development including fertilization as well as organ formation and function are dependent upon the dynamic release of calcium (Ca2+) ions. Although the controlled release and/or accumulation of Ca2+ ions has been extensively studied, how the release dynamics produce a specific biological output in embryonic development is less clear. We will briefly summarize Ca2+ sources, highlight data on endogenous Ca2+ release in vertebrate embryos relevant to body plan formation and cell movement, and integrate pharmacological and molecular-genetic studies to lend insight into the signalling pathways involved. Finally, based on in vivo imaging in zebrafish genetic mutants, we will put forward the model that distinct Ca2+ release dynamics lead to antagonism of the developmentally important Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathway, while sustained Ca2+ release modulates cell polarization or directed migration.