期刊
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
卷 369, 期 1950, 页码 3525-3550出版社
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0140
关键词
plasmonics; metamaterials; negative refractive index; Maxwell-Bloch equations; finite-difference time domain
资金
- EPSRC
- Royal Academy of Engineering
- Leverhulme Trust
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/H006869/1, EP/H006869/2] Funding Source: researchfish
- EPSRC [EP/H006869/1, EP/H006869/2] Funding Source: UKRI
Photonic metamaterials allow for a range of exciting applications unattainable with ordinary dielectrics. However, the metallic nature of their meta-atoms may result in increased optical losses. Gain-enhanced metamaterials are a potential solution to this problem, but the conception of realistic, three-dimensional designs is a challenging task. Starting from fundamental electrodynamic and quantum mechanical equations, we establish and deploy a rigorous theoretical model for the spatial and temporal interaction of lightwaves with free and bound electrons inside and around metallic (nano-) structures and gain media. The derived numerical framework allows us to self-consistently study the dynamics and impact of the coherent plasmon-gain interaction, nonlinear saturation, field enhancement, radiative damping and spatial dispersion. Using numerical pump-probe experiments on a double-fishnet metamaterial structure with dye molecule inclusions, we investigate the build-up of the inversion profile and the formation of the plasmonic modes in a low-Q cavity. We find that full loss compensation occurs in a regime where the real part of the effective refractive index of the metamaterial becomes more negative compared to the passive case. Our results provide a deep insight into how internal processes affect the overall optical properties of active photonic metamaterials fostering new approaches to the design of practical, loss-compensated plasmonic nanostructures.
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